Traditionally dry stonewalls were constructed with undressed stone, and the varying styles reflect the best use of the stone available.įundamentally, a dry stonewall is a structure that can flex and move. By building without mortar, you are simplifying the needed tools, materials and supplies. When a dry stonewall does finally fail, it can be rebuilt using the same stone.ĭry stonewalls are usually built with local stone, traditionally right from the ground nearby. They are long lasting (100 – 200 years is common) when compared to other forms of fencing, and often outlast mortared masonry construction. Dry stonework’s durability and strength is wholly dependent on how it is stacked.ĭry stonewalls are an ideal form of building whenever you have a ready supply of stone. Nearly anywhere in the world where stone of suitable sizes was plentiful, walls were built. There are examples of dry stonewalls and structures that date back 5000 years and are still standing today. Most commonly joint steel should stop short and not cross control joints, but that is a decision left to the engineer.Dry stonewalls, or stonewalls built without the use of mortar, have been around for millennia.
Masonry stack vs how to#
Lap splice between joint reinforcement sections.Ĭheck with your project engineer about how to treat joint reinforcement at control joints. Laps must be at least 6” (40 bar diameters for No. Side rods are lapped for continuity to transfer stress from one section to the next. This means field cutting and bending side rods continuous around corners or using pre-fabricated corner sections (Figure). Joint reinforcement must be continuous to work properly and carry stress along the length of the wall. Joint steel is held back at least 5/8” from the wall face, per code, for proper mortar bond and to also provide added weather protection against corrosion. Mortar flows around the dry-laid reinforcement to bond it to the units above and below. Joint reinforcement is installed by laying it atop a block course, adding mortar as the next course is laid (photo). (Figure) Joint reinforcement is laid dry on the CMU and covered with mortar. Ladder-type joint reinforcement is preferred for reinforced masonry walls: cross rods are 16” apart, spaced to lay atop cross webs, leaving CMU cells open to facilitate rebar and grout placement. Diagonals cross rods in truss-type reinforcement have a tendency to block reinforcement and grout placement. Mill galvanized (electroplated) finishes are acceptable only at dry interior applications with low humidity.Ĭross rods may be straight, in ladder-type joint reinforcement, or diagonal, in truss-type joint reinforcement.
Masonry stack vs code#
When used on exterior walls, code requires joint reinforcement to be hot-dipped galvanized for corrosion protection. Engineering design sometimes calls for heavier 3/16” joint reinforcement to meet seismic or shear requirements. 9 gage (0.148 inch diameter) side rods and cross rods is the most common size used for shrinkage control. Recent research showed that these rods did not improve veneer seismic performance and the requirement was removed from TMS 402. Older codes had special seismic requirements for veneer anchorage, where wire rods were embedded in mortar joints and clipped to veneer anchors. Cracks and lifting can occur as a result. The cross rods spanning narrow cavities don’t have enough flexibility to accommodate movement between the veneer and structural backup. One cautionary note is to NOT use tri-rod joint reinforcement in cavity wall construction. This type of site wall does not have a continuous footing, and the joint reinforcement helps the panel act as a deep beam spanning between columns on drilled piers. Mason placing joint reinforcement in brick “Pier and Panel” sound wall. To provide bonding between wythes where the collar joint is grouted solid.As shear reinforcement in shear walls, reducing or eliminating the need for reinforced bond beams.As primary structural reinforcement for walls spanning horizontally between pilasters or columns.In all stack bond masonry, as required by required by the TMS 402 Code (could be either joint steel or reinforced bond beams).To meet minimum horizontal seismic reinforcement requirements of the TMS 402 code.All CMU construction should have horizontal reinforcement – this applies to CMU veneer as well as load-bearing masonry. Used with movement joints, to control shrinkage in concrete masonry construction.It is used for shrinkage control, primary reinforcement, and to meet prescriptive code requirements: Nearly all masonry projects have some type of reinforcement installed in horizontal bed joints.
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